ABSTRACT
Background: Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most serious manifestation of rheumatic fever, which may also affect the brain. The current study assessed the prevalence of neuropsychiatric manifestations in patients with RHD, including clinical features associated with basal ganglia motor dysfunction (BGMD). Methods: We conducted neurologic and psychiatric assessments in consecutive patients with RHD referred to a tertiary center for heart valve diseases. Echocardiography was performed to assess the pattern of valvular involvement and RHD severity. Validated questionnaires for the evaluation of cognition, depression, anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms (OCS) were applied. BGMD was clinically defined by the presence of hyperkinetic movement disorders. Results: Fifty patients with age of 43.2 ± 10.8 years, 84% female, were included. Mitral valve was affected in 47 patients (94%), and 21 of them (42%) also had aortic valve involvement. Chorea (22%), chronic tics (18%), OCS (48%), major depression (34%), generalized anxiety disorder (54%), cognitive complaints (66%), migraine (52%) and seizures (18%) were frequently reported. The factors associated with BGMD were age (p = 0.018), major depression (p = 0.013), and Yale-Brown Obsessive Compulsive (Y-BOCS) score (p = 0.011). The severity of heart disease was not associated with BGMD. Conclusions: Neuropsychiatric manifestations are frequent in RHD patients, which may persist up to three decades after acute rheumatic fever. Age, major depression and severity of OCS were independently associated with BGMD. These manifestations deserve a close attention of clinicians and researchers dealing with adult patients with RHD.
Subject(s)
Heart Valve Diseases , Mental Disorders , Rheumatic Fever , Rheumatic Heart Disease , Adult , Echocardiography , Female , Heart Valve Diseases/complications , Heart Valve Diseases/epidemiology , Humans , Male , Mental Disorders/complications , Mental Disorders/etiology , Middle Aged , Rheumatic Fever/epidemiology , Rheumatic Heart Disease/complications , Rheumatic Heart Disease/epidemiologyABSTRACT
We report a case of a 41-year-old woman with chagasic cardiomyopa-thy who was submitted to ventricular septal catheter ablation. After the procedure she evolved with new-onset thunderclap headaches followed by migraine-type headaches. Cerebral angiography revealed bilateral segmental stenosis of the middle cerebral arteries.
Relatamos um caso de uma mulher de 41 anos de idade, portadora de cardiomiopatia chagásica, que foi submetida à ablação ventricu-lar septal por cateter. Após o procedimento, a paciente apresentou cefaleia em trovoada de início recente seguida de cefaleia do tipo migranosa. A angiografia cerebral revelou estenoses segmentares bilaterais em território de artéria cerebral média.
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Vasoconstriction , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/complications , Chagas Cardiomyopathy/therapy , Headache/etiology , Cerebral Angiography , Chagas Disease/complications , Catheter AblationABSTRACT
JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A comparação entre as características da cefaleia encontradas na população geral e em centros de cuidados terciários pode elucidar fatores associados à procura de consulta médica e obstáculos ao atendimento. O objetivo deste estudo foi contrastar os achados demográficos e a frequência de migrânea e de cefaleia do tipo tensional (CTT) na população geral e em um centro de atendimento especializado. MÉTODO: Todos os habitantes de uma pequena cidade foram entrevistados quanto à presença de cefaleia. Em uma região, escolhida por sorteio, os moradores que responderam positivamente foram avaliados por uma equipe de neurologistas especialistas em cefaleia. Esses profissionais também avaliaram uma casuística de pacientes atendidos consecutivamente em um centro especializado. Os diagnósticos seguiram os critérios da Classificação Internacional das Cefaleias-2004. RESULTADOS: Foram entrevistados 1.605 moradores em toda cidade e 258 na região da amostra. Destes, os 76 que tinham cefaleia passaram por avaliação neurológica, bem como 289 pacientes do centro especializado. As mulheres representaram a maioria, tanto na comunidade quanto no ambulatório. Na população, a frequência de CTT foi de 77,6% e a de migrânea de 61,8%, havendo sobreposição diagnóstica em boa parcela dos casos. Já no ambulatório a vasta maioria dos pacientes tinham migrânea (79,8%), enquanto apenas 20,4% tinham CTT, sendo a associação diagnóstica bem menos comum. CONCLUSÃO: A CTT é mais comum na comunidade e a migrânea em centros especializados. Conhecer os contrastes destas cefaleias primárias nestes dois cenários pode auxiliar o planejamento de ações preventivas e utilização dos recursos assistenciais.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The comparison of headache features in general population and in tertiary care centers may explain factors associated to the search for medical assistance and the obstacles to such assistance. This study aimed at comparing demographic findings and the frequency of migraine and tension headache (THA) in general population and in a specialized care center. METHOD: All inhabitants of a small village were interviewed about the presence of headache. In one randomly selected region, people who answered positively were evaluated by a team of neurologists specialized in headache. They have also evaluated a number of patients consecutively treated by a specialized center. Diagnoses have followed International Headaches Classification criteria (2004). RESULTS: Participated in this study 1605 inhabitants of the whole village and 258 inhabitants of the region selected as sample. From these, 76 people reporting headache went through a neurological evaluation, as well as 289 patients of the specialized center. THA was the most common headache among general population (77.6%), followed by migraine (61.8%) with diagnostic overlapping in a good percentage of cases. In the outpatient setting the vast majority of patients had migraine (79.8%), while only 20.4% had THA, being the diagnostic association far less common. CONCLUSION: THA is more common in the community and migraine prevails in specialized centers. Understanding the contrasts of both primary headaches within these two scenarios may help the planning of preventive actions and the use of health care resources.
Subject(s)
Neurology , Tension-Type HeadacheABSTRACT
Psychiatric disorders, notably mood and anxiety disorders, are frequently associated with migraine and chronic daily headaches. The obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is included in the spectrum of anxiety disorders and may be a comorbid condition in headache patients. However, little information has been reported in the literature about this association. This is an important issue as OCD may contribute to the development or maintenance of treatment-resistant chronic headaches. In this paper, we describe a young female patient with refractory chronic migraine and OCD. Considerations on diagnosis, management and treatment of these comorbid conditions are presented.
Subject(s)
Migraine Disorders , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder , Adolescent , Female , Flunarizine/therapeutic use , Humans , Migraine Disorders/complications , Migraine Disorders/diagnosis , Migraine Disorders/therapy , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/complications , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/diagnosis , Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder/therapy , Vasodilator Agents/therapeutic useABSTRACT
A cefaléia crônica diária (CCD) compreende quadros de dor de cabeça com duração superior a 15 dias ao mês por, pelo menos, três meses. A CCD não deve ser considerada uma entidade homogênea, pois engloba uma gama diversa de cefaléias primárias e secundárias (ou sintomáticas). Migrânea crônica, cefaléia do tipo tensional crônica e cefaléia por abuso de medicamentos são os diagnósticos mais freqüentes. Neste artigo serão abordados aspectos clínicos e terapêuticos relacionados às causas mais comuns de CCD.
ABSTRACT
A paquimeningite hipertrófica idiopática (PHI) é uma causa secundária rara de cefaléia diária ou quase diária. Neste trabalho, apresentamos dois casos de PHI atendidos no Ambulatório de Cefaléias da UFMG. Os dois pacientes procuraram o serviço devido à cefaléia crônica associada ao comprometimento progressivo de múltiplos nervos cranianos. O diagnóstico da PHI somente é possível após a exclusão de causas específicas de espessamento da dura-máter. O reconhecimento de causas secundárias de cefaléia crônica, tais como a PHI, é de grande importância para evitar atraso no diagnóstico e eventuais complicações.
